Luciuk, Lubomyr Y. Searching for Place: Ukrainian Refugee Migration to Canada after World War II Doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta, 1984.

This thesis focuses on the involuntary migration of an ethnic population (Ukrainian displaced persons after World War 11). He discusses how the attributes of these migrants differ from those of the same ethnic group arriving in Canada voluntarily, prior to World War II. The author places emphasis on the refugees' desire to return home - an attitude that affects the ability to assimilate in a new land. (adapted from Shiel and Beaujot, 1996)

Mangat, Jas. The Refugee Backlog Clearance Program of 1988: A Critical Examination of Canada's Refugee Determination System. Master of Arts Thesis. Simon Fraser University, 1995.

The Canadian government's response to the backlog of refugee claimants that sought to avail themselves of Canada's protection in the late 1980s was the Refugee Backlog Clearance program of 1988. By any reasonable standard of evaluation, this Program must be viewed as an abject failure. The roots of its failure lie in the history of Canada's immigration and refugee policies as well as in the misjudgment and motivation of those responsible for its conception and implementation. This thesis attempts to measure the cost of this failure, in both human and financial terms, through an examination of the structure of the program combined with the author's firsthand view of its actual functioning and the effect it had on those who were left literally at its mercy, the claimants themselves. In the end, it is apparent that the government of the time formulated a policy that tragically failed to service the interests of either the claimants or the Canadian public. (Copyright 1996, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).

Martin, Susan Forbes and Emily Copeland. Making Ends Meet: Refugee Women and Income Generation

Matas, David with Illana. Simon. Closing the Doors : The Failure of Refugee Protection. Toronto : Summerhill Press, 1989.

Methot, Caroline. du Viet-nam au Quebec: la valse des identities. Collection Edmond-de-Nevers no. 13. Montreal: Institut quebecois de recherche sur la culture, 1995.

The author examines questions of identity of refugee youth from Vietnam residing in Quebec. She studies Vietnamese refugees from ages 18-25 who have lived in Montreal with their parents for at least ten years. She examines their diverse identities, their religious practices, family life, the social organization of Vietnamese in Montreal and their adaptation to Quebec society. (adapted from back cover).

Mignot, M. Les cambodgiens, les laotiens, les vietnamiens refugies au Canada: bibliographie. Valbonne, France: CeDRASEMI, 1983.

Montero, Darrel. Vietnamese Americans: Patterns of Resettlement and Socioeconomic Adaptation in the United States. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1979.

Mougue, Chris. Study of Young Single Vietnamese in Britain. Derby, UK: Refugee Action, 1986.

Nash, Alan. International Refugee Pressures and the Canadian Public Policy Response. Ottawa: Institute for Research on Public Policy, Studies in Social Policy, 1989.

The purpose of this paper is to provide information upon which discussion of refugee policy can be based and to offer an informed critique of Canada's current refugee policy. To do this, it examines the international and Canadian dimensions of the problem, contains a full discussion of the developments of Canadian refugee policy and the 1988 legislation, examines the problems posed by that legislation, and concludes with a series of recommendations for change. (Copyright 1990, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).

Neuwirth, Gertrud and John De Vries. "Refugees: a new underclass?" International Sociological Association (ISA). 1994.

Analysis of 1986 census data on immigrants from Third World refugee-producing countries who had arrived in Canada since 1978 shows that both male (M) and female (F) immigrants had consistently lower incomes than did similarly educated Ms and Fs born in Canada, suggesting that these immigrants may form a new underclass. Here, 1986-1991 census data are used to investigate whether immigrants' economic positions have improved over time. The average wage income and occupational placement of several M and F immigrant cohorts who have arrived since 1978 are compared with those of M and F Canadian-born with roughly similar levels of education. By controlling for the immigrants' language skills in English or French, as measured by census questions, it is explored whether knowledge of an official language facilitates the transfer of educational capital to the Canadian economy. Discussion focuses on whether the initial low wages of immigrants should be interpreted primarily as a function of their relatively short time in the receiving country. (Copyright 1994, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)

Neuwirth, Gertrud and Christine Vincent. Women Refugees in International Perspectives: An Annotated Bibliography. Ottawa: Research Resource Division for Refugees, 1991.

Phan, Tan T. "Voices of the silent shadows: a feminist perspective on refugee women" MA thesis: Dalhousie University, 1995.

Exploration of the experiences of 10 Vietnamese women living in a community in the Maritime Provinces focusing on their experiences at home, at work, and in the community through the relations of gender, race, and class. In the home, the women were expected to carry out all household and childcare responsibilities. The husbands also attempted to control their social lives. The study found that higher socio-economic status negatively correlated with fidelity on the part of the husband. The struggle within the family over the division of labour remained minimal because struggles against outside forces took precedence. In the work force, women were segregated and exploited by gender and race, a situation that is related to lack of training and education, language barriers, and racial ideology. Class and race were dominant factors in their acceptance in the non-Vietnamese community. The study shows gender, race, and class are inextricably intertwined in the lives of the women. (Copyright American Economic Association 1997; all rights reserved)

Pisarowicz, J.A. and V. Tosher. "Vietnamese refugee resettlement in Denver, Colorado: 1975-77". in Involuntary Migration and Resettlement: The Problems and Responses of Dislocated People. A. Hansen and A. Oliver-Smith, eds. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1982.

Porter, Renee M. Perceptions of the Adequacy of Nursing Care of Hospitalized Anglo- Canadian and Culturally Diverse Clients. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Toronto, 1996.

Canadian society is composed of individuals and groups of many cultural, racial and linguistic backgrounds. This cosmopolitan mosaic is highly reflected in the population of clients in the health care system in Ontario. Professional nurses, who work with these clients, find themselves with a challenge of caring for people whose beliefs, values and life-styles may vary from their own. This study is aimed at exploring (1) whether there are similarities and/or differences in the perceptions and experiences of the hospitalized Anglo-Canadian and culturally diverse clients of the nursing care they receive and (2) whether the perceptions of the professional nurses giving care are similar and/or different from those of their clients. The study seeks to determine, by use of sociological conflict theory, whether or not the nursing care as perceived by the clients is discordant with their expectations and desires and whether the professional nurses perceived themselves to be educationally prepared to meet the challenge facing them. Content analysis revealed that the health beliefs, values, practices and illness management of the immigrant and refugee clients differed significantly from those of the mainstream culture and the western-educated-nurse professional. What became apparent was that the western system of nursing care as practised in Ontario is in conflict with the cultural definitions of health and illness practices of culturally diverse clients. The results suggest that nurse educators and policy makers need to research the differences in objectives, content and learning experiences related to cultural diversity in their curricula that may account for the differences experienced by the culturally diverse clients. Implications for specific curriculum changes are suggested in planning nursing educational changes. (Copyright 1996, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).

Purves, Grant. Humanitarian Immigration and Canadian Immigration Policy Canada. Library of Parliament. Research Ottawa: Library of Parliament, 1994.

There are many issues connected with the Canadian refugee policy. The focal point of this study is the historically close association of an essentially humanitarian concern, the treatment and resettlement of those who cannot return to their homelands for one reason or another, with a basically self-interested or pragmatic concern, immigration policy. (Copyright 1994, Canadian Research Index, all rights reserved).

Richmond, Anthony H. Immigration Policy and Research in Canada: Pure or Applied? Toronto: CERIS Working Paper Series, 1998.

Who influences research and policy-making? Is it the experts or public opinion? What is the role of research in policy development? Anthony Richmond presents a provocative analysis of the role of social research in policy development. By using the field of immigration, he offers "and interesting case-study to consider the contribution that ...research has made to the policy and planning process." (adapted from source document)

Robinson, Bennie C. U.S. Domestic Refugee Resettlement Policy: A Secondary Analysis of Factors Related to Southeast Asian Refugee Economic Adjustment Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social-Sciences 50(4) 1989: 1095-A.

Saenger, Ellen. Women Refugees: Women at Risk. Vancouver: Mosaic, 1988.

Sharma, Satya P., Alexander M. Ervin and Deirdre Meintel, eds, Immigrants and Refugees in Canada: A National Perspective on Ethnicity, Multiculturalism and Cross-Cultural Adjustment. Saskatoon and Montreal: University of Saskatchewan and University of Montreal, 1991.

Skeldon, Roselyn, ed. Reluctant Exiles. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1994.

Silver, Robin Sloane. Immigrant Settlement in Israel and France: An Integrated Approach to Autonomy, Organizational Performance and the Political System Dissertation Abstracts International A: The Humanities and Social Sciences; 1995.

Spencer, Jennifer Rosemarie. Under the Gaze : The Experiences of African Canadian Students in Two Edmonton High Schools. Master's Thesis, University of Alberta. Dept. of Educational Foundations, 1995.

Spencer-Nimmons, Noreen L. "The emergence of refugee women as a social issue, 1978-1988" Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences 56(7) 1996: 2899-A.

Strand, Paul and W. Jones Jr. Indochinese Refugees in America: Problems of Adaptation and Assimilation. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1985.

Swanson, M. Jeanne. "The impact of acculturation experiences on five Southeast Asian refugee families in the United States: implications for adult education" Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences 50(6) 1989: 1814-A.

Takeda, Joe. The Effect of Internal and External Social Support on Refugee Adaptation: Psychological and Economic Adaptation of Iraqi Refugees. Dissertation Abstracts International, A: The Humanities and Social Sciences 57(7) 1997: 3254A-3255-A.

Taplin, John M. A Study of educational policy towards immigrants in Alberta with emphasis upon English as a second language instruction and the Indo-Chinese refugee movement. MA Thesis, University of Calgary, 1987.

This thesis examines the growth of ESL programs as a response to the Indo-Chinese refugee movement in the early 1980s. It takes into account the history of ESL training, noting that ESL is not a particularly new phenomenon and has been an integral part of white settlement on the Canadian prairies. (Abstract provided by author)

Tienda, Marta and Leif Ingram Jensen. Immigration and Social Program Participation: New Evidence for an Old Question American Sociological Association (ASA). 1984.

The extent to which immigrant householders participate in public assistance (PA) programs in comparison to US native householders is addressed. The analysis is based on a sample from the 5% A sample of households from the 1980 Census Public Use Microdata Samples. Descriptive tabulations and microlevel logit regressions are provided to examine the relative propensity of immigrants to receive public assistance income, comparing differences in program participation between whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. The basic finding is that immigrants are, other things equal, less likely than natives to become welfare dependents. Moreover, contrary to popular opinion, recent immigrants-i.e., those who arrived in the US between 1970 and 1980, are no more likely than earlier migrants to receive public assistance income. This generalization held for all groups except Asians, among whom recent immigrants were more likely to receive PA income. This result seems to be associated with the impact of the refugee resettlement. (Copyright 1985, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)

Tutchings, Terrence Richard. Indochinese Refugee Resettlement in Texas Southwestern Sociological Association (SWSA). 1979.

In order to determine the adjustment of the Indochinese refugees in Texan, a study was carried out in 5 Tex cities with the largest Indochinese refugee populations: Dallas, Houston, San Antonio, Beaumont, and Port Arthur. Interview guides consisting of structured, multiple-choice, and open-ended questions were developed with the help of Indochinese refugees. The guides were designed to determine the experiences of the refugees since arriving in the US. Demographic characteristics, education, and employment experiences in country of origin and in the US, assistance received, and present needs for social services, medical assistance, and other services were included. The interviews were carried out by experienced Indochinese refugees in the native language of Rs. The Rs were chosen randomly from lists of refugees on cash assistance, and from lists of refugees not on cash assistance but known to various agencies in the cities. Additionally, elite members were located by reputational methods. (Copyright 1979, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)